Introduction
Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are a form of anticoagulation that is usually given for short-time period, e.g. as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism. They are also used when urgent anticoagulation is needed before longer term anticoagulation is needed e.g. warfarin.
They are given subcutaneously.
They are given subcutaneously.
Mechanism of action
Activates antithrombin III. Forms a complex that inhibits factor Xa
Adverse effects
- Bleeding
- Thrombocytopenia - lower risk than with standard heparin
- Osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures
- Hyperkalaemia - this is thought to be caused by inhibition of aldosterone secretion
Monitoring
Routine monitoring is not required.
However, in certain situations such as renal impairment anti-Factor Xa may be used.
However, in certain situations such as renal impairment anti-Factor Xa may be used.